Researchers at a South Korean university have conducted research into electrical stimulation to suppress appetite, offering a potential new treatment for people with obesity.
Metabolic syndrome involved multiple metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, high blood pressure, and high triglycerides, and isd often caused by poor diet and lack of exercise.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), one in eight people worldwide is overweight, making obesity treatment a major target for new treatments.
There are various types of obesity treatments including drug injections and pharmaceuticals, but such chemical treatments often come with potential side effects when taken over for a long period.
Accordingly, the team led by Dr. Shin of KERI has proposed a novel approach which is to suppress appetite by stimulating cerebral cortex electrically through scalp.
The official name of the electrical stimulation technique is transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). Through years of research, the team identified the possibility that non-invasive electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with tRNS technology could induce appetite suppression.
Three key technologies are required for such studies.
1. A technology that can accurately deliver the right electrical stimulation to the specific area of interest.
2. An electrode technology that can penetrate into the space between the hairs and make contact with the scalp.
3. A monitoring technology that can confirm that the electrical stimulation has been delivered to the target point and has triggered a change in brain activity.
All of these are currently under development by Dr. Shin’s team and the team possesses an advanced level of technologies.
KERI conducted a clinical trial with professor Hyung-jin Choi’s team at Seoul National University Hospital to demonstrate the clinical utility of tRNS stimulation using commercially available electrical stimulators.
The goal of the clinical trial was to prove that tRNS stimulation is effective in reducing appetite.
The trial included 60 female volunteers, 30 in the tRNS group and 30 in the active sham group.
The trial consisted of six sessions of electrical stimulation with two to three days of interval for two weeks. The electrical stimulation utilized a barely perceptible current of 2 mA for 20 minutes per session.
The results showed that the tRNS treatment group was effective in reducing appetite, willingness to eat, and hunger compared to the placebo group.
The clinical trial also showed that tRNS can help treat emotional eating, meaning that the tendency to eat to process or relieve emotions such as stress, depression, anxiety, and joy was significantly reduced.
As the trial was conducted only for two weeks, long-term weight loss effect was not confirmed but participants reported significant appetite suppression.
Dr. Shin said: “Although the technology is not yet complete and needs further research and verification, if this electrostimulation treatment equipment with far fewer side effects than existing obesity treatments is commercialised and can be used at home instead of in hospitals, it will provide an easy and simple method for daily appetite suppression management.
“Especially when people are under stress or difficulty, many people eat food due to emotional hunger, and if digital healthcare technology that combines electrostimulation treatment and exercise therapy is introduced, it will enhance weight loss effects and help individuals manage their health more effectively.“
The research team is scheduled to complete the first phase of the project this year, and aims to validate the developed technology academically and clinically through follow-up research, including the second phase of the project, and promote technology transfer to companies.
